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Social Studies

Map Skills

* Know the direction on a compass rose

* Lines of longitude and latitude

* Locate the equator on a map

* Use a map key and legend to explain the symbols on a map

* Locate places on a map using grid references

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American Indian Regions

Arctic Region 

The Arctic region includes the Arctic Tundra, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.  The climate is very cold with very short summers and long cold winters. The American Indians that live in the Arctic include the Inuit Tribe.  They lived in igloos in the winter and teepees in the summer.  Their clothing is made out of animal hides and fur. They would eat polar bear, caribou, seals, salmon, whales and fish.  They also gathered berries and nuts. 

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Northwest Region

The northwest region includes Canada and the northwest region of the USA.  This region has 4 seasons with lakes, forests and oceans. The American Indians that live here include the Kwakiutl Tribe. They lived plank houses usually made out of cedar wood.  Their clothing was made out of softened cedar bark, animal hides and wool. They would eat deer, caribou, moose, fish, shellfish. They also gathered nuts and berries.

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Southwest Region

The southwest region includes Arizona,  New Mexico, and southern Colorado.  This region has hot dry deserts and recieves very little rainfall throughout the year. The American Indians that live here include the Hopi and the Navajo tribes. They lived in pueblos made out of adobe bricks or in cliff dwellings with tall ladders to reach them.  Their clothing was light weight and made out of cotton in the summertime.  In the winter time their clothing was made out of wool and animal skins.They grew corn, beans and squash know as the 3 sisters.  They also hunted bison and deer.

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Plains Region

The plains region stretches from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.  This region has flat grasslands and 4 seasons.  The American Indians that live here include the Apache and Sioux tribes. They were mainly nomadic and lived in teepees. They followed the herds of buffalo and other animals across the plains. They ate buffalo, deer, elk, bear and beaver. Some also grew the 3 sisters, corn, beans and squash. The men wore lioncloths and the women wore skirts.  In the winter they would wear legging underneath and fur to keep warm.

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Southeast Region

The southeast region included Georgia, Alabama, Tennesse, and South Carolina.  This region is hot and humid in the summer and can get cold in some parts in the winter. The American Indians that live here include the Cherokee and Seminole tribes. They had summer homes called Chickee, made out of wooden poles and a thatched roof. Their winter home was made out of wooden poles covered in mud called wattle and daub. They ate deer, turkey, raccoons and alligator. They also grew the 3 sisters. They made their clothing out of deer skins.  

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Northwest Region

The Northwest region stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.  This region has four seasons, it gets hot in the summer and cold in the winter.  The American Indians that lived here included the Iroquois, Mohicans and Powhatan tribes. They lived in longhouses. Longhouses were 60 to 100 feet long and housed many families. They were hunters, gatherers and farmers. They ate bear, deer, moose. They also ate berries and nuts and grew the 3 sisters. They made their clothing out of deerskins. 

Explorers

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John Cabot   -  Born around 1450  died either 1499 or 1500

Cabot was born in Italy but moved to England.  In 1497 he sailed on the ship Matthew and discovered Canada.

Christopher Columbus   -  Born 1451 died 1506

Columbus was born in Italy but explored for Spain.  He sailed on the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria to the Americas and is credited with opening up the Americas for European colonization. 

Vasco Numez Balboa   -  Born 1475  died 1519

Cabot was born in Spain.  In 1513 he was the first European to go to the Pacific Ocean. 

Jacques Cartier   -  Born 1491  died 1557

Cartier was born in France.  He went to the New World in 1534 and discovered the St. Lawrence River.

Hernando de Soto   -  Born 1500 died 1542

de Soto was born in Spain. He helped conquer Peru in the 1530s.  In 1539 he came to North America and discovered the Mississippi River.

Henry Hudson   -  Born 1565  died 1611

Hudson sailed to the New World in 1610 and the Hudson Bay is named after him.

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The Original 13 Colonies

1. Delaware                     December 7, 1787

2. Pennsylvania              December 12, 1787

3. New Jersey                 December 17, 1787

4. Georgia                      January 2, 1788

5. Connecticut               January 9, 1788

6. Massachusetts            February 6, 1788

7. Maryland                    April 28, 1788

8. South Carolina           May 23, 1788

9. New Hampshire           June 21, 1788

10. Virginia                    June 25, 1788

11. New York                   July 26, 1788

12. North Carolina          November 1789

13. Rhode Island              May 29, 1790

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The thirteen colonies can be divided into 3 regions based on their economics, religous beliefs, and resources,.

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The New England colonies consisted of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.  This region had lots of natural resources such as trees, fur, whales and fish.  They  built up a trade in fishing, whaling and shipbuilding.  This region had little tolerance for religions other than their own.

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The Mid-Atlantic colonies consisted of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York.  This regions natural resources were land with rich soil, grains, livestock and fish.  They built a trade on exporting crops and goods.  They used slaves to help take care of the crops and livestock.  They also had a very skilled workforce such as carpenters, blacksmith, printers, and tailors. This region believed in religious freedom for all.

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The Southern colonies consisted of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina. and Georgia.  This regions natural resources was rich fertile soil.  They grew tabacco, rice, cotton and indigo (used to make blue dye) which they exported to England and the West Indies.  This region believed in the freedon to worship as they chose.

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Levels & Branches of Government

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State Level Branches of Government

* Executive Branch - The head of the government in each state is the        governor. Other parts of the executive branch may include the                lieutenant governor, attorney general, and the secretary of state.

* Legislative Branch - Just like with the federal government the states      have legislatures that make up the state laws, handle the budget, and      levy taxes. Every state but Nebraska has two houses similar to the          federal government.

* Judicial Branch - Most State's Judicial Branch is similar to the Federal    system where there is a State Supreme Court and then lower courts        below them that handle the day-to-day cases.
 

Federal Level Branches of Government

  • Legislative – Makes laws (Congress)

  • The legislative Branch makes the laws, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments, and has the authority to declare war. Congress can remove the President from office in exceptional   circumstances.  Congress includes the Senate and House of Representatives.  American citizens have the right to vote for Senators and Representatives through free, confidential ballots.

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  • * Senate - There are two elected Senators per state, totaling 100        Senators. A Senate term is six years and there is no limit to the      number of terms an individual can serve.

  • * House of Representatives - There are 435 elected Representatives,     which are divided among the 50 states in proportion to their total     population.  A Representative serves a two-year term, and there       is no limit to the number of terms an individual can serve.

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  • Executive – Carries out laws (President, Vice President, Cabinet)

  • The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees.  American citizens have the right to vote for the President and Vice President through free, confidential ballots.

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  • * President – The President leads the country. He/she is the head of   state, leader of the federal government, and Commander in Chief     of the United States Armed Forces. The President can veto laws.       The President serves a four- year term and can be elected no more    than two times.

  • * Vice President – The Vice President supports the President. If the    President is unable to serve, the Vice President becomes                  President. The Vice President can be elected and serve an                  unlimited number of four-year terms as Vice President, even            under a different president.

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  • Judicial – Evaluates laws (Supreme Court and other courts)

  • The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution. It's comprised of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. 

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     * Supreme Court – The Supreme Court is the highest court in the                 United States. The Justices of the Supreme Court are nominated by         the President and must be approved by the Senate.  The court is               comprised of nine members.​  There is no fixed term for Justices.             They serve until they die or retire.

   

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